-
Emerging Infectious Diseases Mar 2019Among 34 men with proctitis in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 16 (47%) had Chlamydia trachomatis infection, 11 (68.8%) of which were biovar lymphogranuloma venereum. The...
Among 34 men with proctitis in Buenos Aires, Argentina, 16 (47%) had Chlamydia trachomatis infection, 11 (68.8%) of which were biovar lymphogranuloma venereum. The outbreak was probably local, as in Europe. In Argentina, lymphogranuloma venereum should be a suspected cause of proctitis in HIV-infected men who have had unprotected anal sex with men.
Topics: Adult; Argentina; Chlamydia trachomatis; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Genotype; Humans; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Population Surveillance; Prevalence; Rectum; Young Adult
PubMed: 30789332
DOI: 10.3201/eid2503.180600 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2016Rectal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) has reemerged as a sexually transmitted infection among men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly those who are HIV-positive.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Rectal lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) has reemerged as a sexually transmitted infection among men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly those who are HIV-positive. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the efficacy of doxycycline (100 mg 2×/d for 21 days) for rectal LGV in MSM. Nine studies were included: 4 prospective, 4 retrospective, and 1 combined retrospective and prospective. In total, 282 MSM with rectal LGV were included in the studies. All studies reported using nucleic acid amplification tests to assess microbial cure. Most patients (>80%) had symptomatic rectal infection. The fixed-effects pooled efficacy for doxycycline was 98.5% (95% CI 96.3%-100%, I (2) = 0%; p = 0.993). Doxycycline at 100 mg twice daily for 21 days demonstrated a high microbial cure rate. These data support doxycycline at this dosage and duration as first-line therapy for rectal LGV in MSM.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia trachomatis; Doxycycline; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Rectal Diseases; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27513890
DOI: 10.3201/eid2210.160986 -
American Family Physician Feb 2012Herpes simplex virus infection and syphilis are the most common causes of genital ulcers in the United States. Other infectious causes include chancroid, lymphogranuloma... (Review)
Review
Herpes simplex virus infection and syphilis are the most common causes of genital ulcers in the United States. Other infectious causes include chancroid, lymphogranuloma venereum, granuloma inguinale (donovanosis), secondary bacterial infections, and fungi. Noninfectious etiologies, including sexual trauma, psoriasis, Behçet syndrome, and fixed drug eruptions, can also lead to genital ulcers. Although initial treatment of genital ulcers is generally based on clinical presentation, the following tests should be considered in all patients: serologic tests for syphilis and darkfield microscopy or direct fluorescent antibody testing for Treponema pallidum, culture or polymerase chain reaction test for herpes simplex virus, and culture for Haemophilus ducreyi in settings with a high prevalence of chancroid. No pathogen is identified in up to 25 percent of patients with genital ulcers. The first episode of herpes simplex virus infection is usually treated with seven to 10 days of oral acyclovir (five days for recurrent episodes). Famciclovir and valacyclovir are alternative therapies. One dose of intramuscular penicillin G benzathine is recommended to treat genital ulcers caused by primary syphilis. Treatment options for chancroid include a single dose of intramuscular ceftriaxone or oral azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, or erythromycin. Lymphogranuloma venereum and donovanosis are treated with 21 days of oral doxycycline. Treatment of noninfectious causes of genital ulcers varies by etiology, and ranges from topical wound care for ulcers caused by sexual trauma to consideration of subcutaneous pegylated interferon alfa-2a for ulcers caused by Behçet syndrome.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic Techniques, Urological; Female; Genital Diseases, Female; Genital Diseases, Male; Humans; Male; Ulcer
PubMed: 22335265
DOI: No ID Found -
The Lancet. Microbe Feb 2021
Topics: Chlamydia trachomatis; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Rectum
PubMed: 35544242
DOI: 10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30225-1 -
Canada Communicable Disease Report =... Feb 2015Chlamydia continues to be the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection in Canada. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), caused by certain serovars of , is...
BACKGROUND
Chlamydia continues to be the most commonly reported sexually transmitted infection in Canada. Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), caused by certain serovars of , is becoming established in some populations in a number of Western countries.
OBJECTIVE
To identify trends in reported cases of chlamydia and LGV in Canada from January 1, 2003 to December 31, 2012.
METHODS
Notifiable disease data on chlamydia were submitted to the Public Health Agency of Canada by provincial and territorial epidemiological units and summarized at the national level by age and sex. Confirmatory testing for suspected LGV cases and serovar subtyping were performed by the National Microbiology Laboratory (NML). Where possible, provincial/territorial health authorities use a standardized national case report form to collect enhanced epidemiological data on each case and to submit the data to the Agency.
RESULTS
Rates of reported cases of chlamydia increased by 57.6%, from 189.6 to 298.7 per 100,000 between 2003 and 2012. The rate of reported cases of chlamydia among females (383.5 per 100,000) was almost twice as high as that among males (212.0 per 100,000), although the highest relative rate increase occurred among males. In both males and females, the rates of chlamydia were highest in those aged 20 to 24 years. From 2004 to 2012, 170 cases of LGV were reported to the Agency by provincial health authorities (including 104 confirmed and 66 probable cases). In 2012, case reports were received on 12 confirmed and probable cases, compared to 38 laboratory-positive cases confirmed by the NML.
CONCLUSION
In Canada, as in many countries, chlamydia rates have markedly increased over the last 10 years, in part due to improved diagnosis through nucleic acid amplification (NAAT) testing. Consistent with trends in Europe and other countries, LGV is emerging in Canada among men who have sex with men (MSM).
PubMed: 29769927
DOI: 10.14745/ccdr.v41i02a01 -
Sante (Montrouge, France) 1998Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) or Nicolas-Favre disease is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) which occurs throughout Africa and mostly affects men. The true...
Lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) or Nicolas-Favre disease is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) which occurs throughout Africa and mostly affects men. The true prevalence of LGV in tropical countries is not known. The most prominent clinical signs of LGV are inguinal and rectal syndrome, with the inguinal syndrome being the most frequent sign in men. Inguinal adenitis is mostly unilateral. The glands are at first hard and tender but soon become matted together. Fistulae may develop within the glands in swollen areas, some of which break through the reddish-purple overlying skin in chronic cases. The groin fold often separates the glands into upper and lower groups. The rectal syndrome is not common in African patients. It is the second most common sign of LGV, but is not specific to this STD. Fluctuant, discharging, painful and often unilateral adenitis with or without a history of primary ulcerative lesion is most likely to be confused with cat-scratch fever, pyrogenic infections, tuberculosis, adenitis caused by syphilis, mycetoma and histoplasmosis. The diagnosis of LGV should be confirmed by culture, which can be used to isolate the L strain of Chlamydia trachomatis or by PCR (polymerase chain reaction). The histological features of adenitis and rectal lesions are not specific. Tetracycline antibiotics are the most effective treatment for LGV.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlamydia trachomatis; Doxycycline; Female; Humans; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Retrospective Studies; Togo
PubMed: 9690326
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Dermatology Jul 2011Venereology-the study of venereal diseases or more recently, the sexually transmitted infections (STI) includes a variety of pathogens namely viruses, bacteria, fungi...
Venereology-the study of venereal diseases or more recently, the sexually transmitted infections (STI) includes a variety of pathogens namely viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa for which the common factor is the mode of transmission and acquisition: Sexual relations between human beings. Medical and other historians have often suggested that well-known diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea, chancroid and lymphogranuloma venereum have existed since earliest times. However, it is difficult to identify modern disease entities based on written historical record. Studying the origin of STIs helps us to learn the political, economic and moral conditions that led to the disease. Effective management of STI rests on three pillars of diagnosis, prevention and treatment. For most of past 50 years in India, the diagnostic pillar has been the least well-supported. Until well into present century, diagnosis of STI in India was clinical. Treatment of STIs in India followed the methods used in England. Of course in the 19(th) century, in many parts of the world, only a few had access to modern methods of treatment; in India, there was extensive use of Ayurvedic treatment with traditional medicines. This article thus gives just an overview and evolution of venereology in India with regard to venereal diseases (now more often known as STIs/disease), control measures, academic, association and journal development and finally future perspective.
PubMed: 21965840
DOI: 10.4103/0019-5154.84713 -
Euro Surveillance : Bulletin Europeen... Apr 2020IntroductionLymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), an invasive form of infection, has been reported among (mainly HIV-positive) men who have sex with men (MSM) since 2003. In...
IntroductionLymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), an invasive form of infection, has been reported among (mainly HIV-positive) men who have sex with men (MSM) since 2003. In the Netherlands, LGV testing recommendations changed from selective to universal testing in 2015. Changes in tested populations could have led to incomparable LGV positivity rates over time.AimWe investigated LGV trends among MSM attending Centres for Sexual Health using surveillance data between 2011 and 2017.MethodsLGV positivity was calculated among MSM tested for rectal infection and MSM tested specifically for LGV. With multivariable logistic regression analysis, the association between years and LGV was adjusted for testing indicators and determinants.ResultsWe included 224,194 consultations. LGV increased from 86 in 2011 to 270 in 2017. Among LGV-positives, proportions of HIV-negative and asymptomatic MSM increased from 17.4% to 45.6% and from 31.4% to 49.3%, respectively, between 2011 and 2017. Among MSM tested for rectal chlamydia, LGV positivity increased from 0.12% to 0.33% among HIV-negatives and remained stable around 2.5% among HIV-positives. Among LGV-tested MSM, LGV positivity increased from 2.1% to 5.7% among HIV-negatives and from 15.1% to 22.1% among HIV-positives. Multivariable models showed increased odds ratios and significant positive associations between years and LGV.ConclusionsAlthough increased testing and changes in LGV incidence are difficult to disentangle, we found increasing LGV trends, especially when corrected for confounding. LGV was increasingly attributed to HIV-negative and asymptomatic MSM, among whom testing was previously limited. This stresses the importance of universal testing and continuous surveillance.
Topics: Adult; Asymptomatic Infections; HIV Infections; HIV Seronegativity; Homosexuality, Male; Humans; Incidence; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Male; Netherlands; Sentinel Surveillance
PubMed: 32290900
DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2020.25.14.1900377 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Dec 2018Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection. Trachoma is caused by ocular infection with C trachomatis and is... (Review)
Review
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is the most commonly diagnosed sexually transmitted infection. Trachoma is caused by ocular infection with C trachomatis and is the leading infectious cause of blindness worldwide. New serological assays for C trachomatis could facilitate improved understanding of C trachomatis epidemiology and prevention. C trachomatis serology offers a means of investigating the incidence of chlamydia infection and might be developed as a biomarker of scarring sequelae, such as pelvic inflammatory disease. Therefore, serological assays have potential as epidemiological tools to quantify unmet need, inform service planning, evaluate interventions including screening and treatment, and to assess new vaccine candidates. However, questions about the performance characteristics and interpretation of C trachomatis serological assays remain, which must be addressed to advance development within this field. In this Personal View, we explore the available information about C trachomatis serology and propose several priority actions. These actions involve development of target product profiles to guide assay selection and assessment across multiple applications and populations, establishment of a serum bank to facilitate assay development and evaluation, and development of technical and statistical methods for assay evaluation and analysis of serological findings. The field of C trachomatis serology will benefit from collaboration across the public health community to align technological developments with their potential applications.
Topics: Chlamydia trachomatis; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Incidence; Lymphogranuloma Venereum; Serologic Tests; Trachoma
PubMed: 29983342
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30159-2 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Nov 2006Sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, herpes simplex virus and syphilis commonly present with rectal symptoms. Recent outbreaks of... (Review)
Review
Sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, herpes simplex virus and syphilis commonly present with rectal symptoms. Recent outbreaks of lymphogranuloma venereum among homosexual men throughout Europe highlight the need to consider sexually transmitted infections in the differential diagnosis of proctitis. This article examines the causative organisms, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted proctitis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Proctitis; Sexuality; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 17099092
DOI: 10.1136/pmj.2006.048488